Johnson & Johnson

Adenoviruses: a common family of viruses. These viruses can cause cold-like symptoms, conjunctivitis (pink eye), sore throat, and other symptoms. The version used in adenovirus vector vaccines is not able to cause these symptoms and cannot replicate. 

Adenovirus vector: a version of an adenovirus that cannot replicate or cause disease. In this vaccine, it is used to deliver genetic information so that the body can make the spike protein.

Antibody: a protein made by the immune system in response to a foreign particle (antigen). These proteins circulate in the blood and help defend the body against the substance.

Anticoagulant: a medicine that prevents blood from clotting too easily. Clotting is very important because it prevents people from bleeding too much if they get injured, but if blood clots too easily, it can harden and get stuck in the body. If a blood clot gets stuck, it can cause heart attacks, strokes, and other dangerous conditions. 

Antigen: This is any substance that triggers the immune system to create antibodies. For example, allergens such as pollen are antigens.

Emulsifier: a substance that helps to keep the ingredients mixed together

pH: a measure of how acidic or basic a solution is. The scale ranges from 0 (very acidic) to 14 (very basic). A pH of 7 is neutral.

Spike protein: the protein in SARS-CoV-2 that allows the virus to recognize and attach to host cells.

Viral vector: a version of a virus that has been modified to contain genetic information from another source (in this case, the genetic information to make the spike protein).